Deforestation is a major environmental challenge in Zambia, particularly in Mkushi District, where both subsistence needs and commercial activities contribute to forest loss. This study examined the effects of deforestation on indigenous tree species such as Julbernardia, Isoberlinia, and Brachystegia. A random sample of 80 participants involved in forest-related activities was surveyed to assess deforestation practices and impacts.Findings indicate that deforestation threatens biodiversity, disrupts ecosystem services like climate and water regulation, and contributes to land degradation, droughts, and floods. Notably, Pterocarpus angolensis is at risk of extinction in the area. These environmental changes also undermine livelihoods and worsen poverty levels.The study highlights the critical importance of forests to human well-being and the urgent need for sustainable forest management to protect indigenous tree species and maintain ecological balance.